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These 2nd and 3rd century Roman sarcophagi in the Camposanto, Pisa, were the inspiration for the beginning of the Italian Renaissance sculpture of the 13th century. In particular the Phaedra Sarcophagus, pictured above, was the model for Nicola Pisano's Madonna, and animal scenes on the pulpit in the cathedral.

Ango Saxon sculpture is divided into two main periods, that before the 9th century Danish invasion and that after King Alfred (871-899). The period covers a period from the earliest Christian crosses, and includes stone decorative elements in churches depicting grotesque animals and fiugures intertwined with vine tendrils.

Anglo Saxon animal carvings at Breedon-on-the-Hill, Leicestershire.

This tomb of William I Duke of Normandy (d942) in Rouen Cathedral dates from the 14th century. The earlier burial had been in the ancient sanctuary near the end of what is now the nave.