On 8 August 1190 Richard I of England left Marseilles during the Third Crusade, intending to rendezvous with his fellow crusader Philip II of France ⓘ at Genoa. Finding that the main body of his fleet, sailing from northern France, had not yet arrived,1 Richard hired new ships and continued his journey with his household troops and senior clergy, including Baldwin of Forde, Archbishop of Canterbury, Walter de Coutances, Archbishop of Rouen, and Hubert Walter, Bishop of Salisbury.

Richard reached Genoa on 13 August. As Philip was ill, Richard continued south along the Italian coast without him.

• 1. The delay of Richard’s fleet was caused by serious disorder during its passage through Portugal. According to John Gillingham, members of the squadron stopped at Lisbon and attacked Muslim and Jewish inhabitants, looted property, and caused widespread unrest. The king of Portugal eventually imprisoned several hundred men, delaying the fleet by weeks. As a result, the ships reached Marseilles only on 22 August—three weeks late—by which time Richard had already departed.

  Gillingham, John Richard I Yale English Monarchs Yale English Monarchs New Haven Yale University Press 1999. p129.